How Labor Laws And The Work Of The Individual And How They...

In the late 1800’s, labor laws and ethics were something that nobody thought of and did much about. It wasn’t until the reign of Pope Leo XIII and his idea of a revolutionary change that came in the doctrine of the Rerum Novarum, which focused on the laboring class. In first world countries, they have labor laws to help benefit the worker, but those first world companies take advantage of third world countries, and impoverished individuals. The focus of this paper will focus on how labor laws and the work of the individual and how they have a major effect on poverty. In first world countries, labor laws were created to protect and benefit the labor workers and to enable them to profit from their labor. According to Economic Justice for All, â€Å"employment is a basic right, a right which protects the freedom of all to participate in the economic life of society.† This quote is true for all individuals of all backgrounds, and not just those in first world countri es. Many individuals in the world do not benefit from the property that makes profits and so they must endure employment to elude poverty, and to support themselves and their families. With the ethics of Economic Justice for All, in the United States alone, there are 8 million American’s that are unemployed, cannot find jobs, and are living under the poverty line, which equivalates to 7 percent of the labor force in America. The article goes on to say that â€Å"the burdens of unemployment compel us to the conviction that asShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Minimum Wage On The Economy Of The United States932 Words   |  4 Pagescurrency has a major effect toward the amount an individual owns. The current world economy, labor is required in order to supply services to whomever is willing to buy. The amount of money distributed and earned throughout the economy feeds the nation s GDP, which shows the stability of the overall economy of that nation. There is an imaginary sequence that must be established in an economy in order to balance both labor and revenue to stabilize a country’s economy. Labor is an importantRead MoreThe Effect Of Minimum Wage On The Economy Of The United States905 Words   |  4 Pagesof currency has major effect toward the amount an individual owns. In the world economy labor is required in order to supply services to whomever is willing to buy. The amount of money distributed and earned throughout the economy feeds the nation s GDP which shows the stability of the overall economy of that nation. There is an imaginary cycle that must be established in an economy in order to balance both labor and revenue in order to stabilize a country economy. Labor is an important serviceRead MoreMinimum Wage Regulations Strike At The Very Heart Of The Free Enterprise System1526 Words   |  7 Pagespricing system molds individual self interest into extensive economic betterment for the general society and draws healthy competitions among different industries. With that said, it is apparent that minimum wage laws simultaneously violate the principles of the â€Å"invisible hand† as well as multiple values of the U.S. Constitution as they essentially disrupt with the free market trading system, and robs the opportunities away from the youth due to consequences of unemployment and poverty. Before anythingRead MoreEssay about Illegal Global Trade1137 Words   |  5 PagesThough rarely given enough attention in the press, the global network of counterfeited goods such as prescription drugs, watches, and handbags have become a serious problem in the world. This economic network impacts transnational economies than almost any other force because... The film Illicit: the Dark Trade draws attention to this growing problem that affects our now globalized economy. Also, the movie is an adaption to Illicit the novel written by Dr. Moisà ©s Naà ­m. The film explores a maze ofRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The United States1558 Words   |  7 Pagessocial reform. One revolutionary era in particular that has played a major role in the establishment of new laws and acts which are used today is the Progressive Era. The Progressive Era was an age of political reform during the late 1800’s to early 1920’s, which also contained a lot of social advocacy for workersâ €™ rights. Before the social reforms began in this era, there were numerous instances where poor and immigrant individuals were abused by corrupt political systems. In order to expose the corruptionRead MoreForced Labor And Human Trafficking1474 Words   |  6 PagesForced labor and human trafficking are some of the forms of slavery in the modern day. Although the world has made several strides in ending human trafficking, several factors have played a big role in ensuring that trafficking is still carried on. The ILO describes forced labor as the work and services offered by a person unwillingly; on the other hand human trafficking is the transport and recruitment of people through coercion with the aim of exploiting them. The continual practice of human traffickingRead MoreShould The Minimum Wage Be Raised?1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthe English people. This caused a serious labor shortage and caused wages to sky rocket. King Edward III was inclined to set a wage ceiling conta ined in the Ordinance of Labourers (1349). Mihm, S. (2013, September 5). How the Black Death Spawned the Minimum Wage. The laws were eventually used to set a living wage. In the U.S., mandatory minimum wages were first introduced nationally in 1938. Department of Labor (2014, April 17) Grossman, Jonathan. Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum StruggleRead More Ehrenreich’s Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America1015 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat questions, â€Å"how does anyone live on the wages available to the unskilled† and â€Å"how were the roughly four million women about to be booted into the labor market by welfare reform, going to make it on $6 to $7 an hour† (2001, p. 12). To answer the questions, Ehrenreich embarked upon a journey to discover for herself, whether she could match income to expense as a low-wage worker. In effect, Ehrenreich tested the fundamental premise of The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity ReconciliationRea d MoreGovernment Intervention Into Public Private Affairs1613 Words   |  7 Pagesequal work laws which actually hurt women instead of helping them, or minimum wage laws that result in forcing employers to discriminate against people who have low skills are good examples. Over and over again government coercion has resulted in poverty and denial of freedom to the people and would be eliminated if you took away the bad government failures. Government failures such as the War on Drugs, which has destroyed communities, and other programs such as welfare and social security have alsoRead MoreSweatshops And The United States Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesand businesses, owners have always looked for a way to cut production costs while still managing to produce large quantities of their product. It was found that the best way to cut costs was to utilize cheap labor in factories known as sweatshops. According to the US General Account Office, sweatshops are defined as a â€Å"business that regularly violates both wage or child labor and safety or health laws†. These sweatshops exploit their workers in various ways: making them work long hours in dangerous

The Internal Revenue Service ( Irs ) Essay - 957 Words

Intermediate Sanctions The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) maintains strict governance of charitable organizations with whom receive their tax exempt status under IRC Sec. 501(c)(3). Organizations classified under IRC Sec. 501(c)(3) are monitored by the IRS for transactions with disqualified individuals in which benefits provided by the organization exceed the consideration received by said organization (IRS, 2015). Additionally, transactions determined to be in will result in sanctions levied against the individuals who received financial benefit from those transactions. Determination of Intermediate Sanctions Disqualified individuals who conduct transactions with organizations who receive tax exempt status under IRC Sec. 501(c)(3) are those who maintain extensive influence over the organizations’ businesses matters. Such transactions would result in compensation in excess of industry standards, sales of assets to said organizations at grossly reduced prices, and unreasonable lease agreements (Reck, Lowensohn, Wilson, 2013). Upon determinacy of transactions in violation, the IRS levies intermediate sanctions upon the disqualified individuals and organizations. Intermediate sanctions are levied under two tiers. The first tier of sanctions levied upon the disqualified individual consists of repayment of surplus remunerations and taxation of 25 percent of said remunerations. Additionally, the organization receives a penalty of 10 percent of the surplusShow MoreRelatedThe Internal Revenue Service ( Irs )2781 Words   |  12 PagesThe Intern al Revenue Service (IRS) is part of the Department of the United States Treasury. It is one of the most efficient tax administrators in the world. During fiscal year 2012, the IRS $2.5 trillion in revenue and processed 237 million tax returns. For every $100 it collected in fiscal year 2012, the IRS spent a mere 48 cents. The mission of the IRS is to provide U.S. taxpayers a top quality service by helping them pay their taxes, enforce the laws regarding taxes, and assist taxpayers withRead MoreThe Internal Revenue Service ( Irs )3367 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Congress created the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 1862 mainly to administer and to enforce internal revenue laws and related statutes. The purpose of the IRS is to help taxpayers understand tax law and to be responsible for their tax obligations. In 2000, it processed 226 returns and collected $2 trillion tax dollars. The cost is 39 cents for each $100 collected. The President appoints the chief executive of the IRS, the Commissioner. Then, the Senate approved the appointmentRead MoreThe Internal Revenue Service ( Irs )2467 Words   |  10 Pages The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) suffered a cyber-attack, this attack compromised millions of tax payers sensitive information. This exploited vulnerabilities on the IRS site and infrastructures. Cyber-thieves responsible for a large IRS data breach stole as much as $39 million by filing fraudulent tax refunds after gaining access to taxpayer information, the head of the nation s tax agency told Congress Tuesday. There was no record for any 2015 tax filing for an additional 33,000 taxpayersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Internal Revenue Service ( Irs )923 Words   |  4 PagesFurther Analysis of IRS Requirements Introduction Under the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) donee and Donor information requirements are important for a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations. Charitable organizations failing to obey to these IRS regulations are subject to penalties and other related legal actions. Regulations issued by Internal Revenue Service (IRS) concerning how to file form 8282 donee, Information Returns (Sale Exchange or Other Disposition of Donated Property and form 8283 NoncashRead MoreTax Code Regulations And The Federal Government Through The Internal Revenue Services ( Irs )827 Words   |  4 Pagesinstitutions, churches or other nonprofit organizations including what is often deemed as charitable (Lavarda, 2009). There are two main reasons that an organization will seek to attain a tax-exempt status with the federal government through the Internal Revenue Services (IRS). First, is to provide for their beneficiaries a tax-deductible contribution, which allows taxpayers benefits when paying their federal incom e taxes and secondly, simply is for organizations the ability to not pay federal income taxesRead MoreThe History Of The Irs1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of the IRS The IRS has a long history of enforcing various form of taxes and a variety of regulation in the United States of America. In fact, federal agencies such as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms began as part of the IRS before separation onto its own agency. Below is a brief timeline of the origins of the IRS and subsequent events that transformed it into the agency it is today: 1862 - President Lincoln signed into law a revenue-raising measure to help pay for CivilRead MoreA Brief Note On The Internal Revenue Service1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internal Revenue Service is trying to preserve and protect the availability, confidentiality, integrity, authentication, authorization and security controls of all employees and also the taxpayers. In the context of IRS information security, availability is generally expressed as the amount of time users can use a system, application and data, where user refers employees and taxpayers. Integrity refers the validity and accuracy of data. For IRS, data and information are intellectual propertyRead MoreThe Federal Reserve - Their Collection Agency the Irs - and the Big Lie!1068 Words   |  5 Pagesdocumented and is presented for your review and edification. Do not try to fight the IRS in federal court, you will not win. The deception runs rampant throughout the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Now let us begin with the admission of the US attorney general that the IRS is not an agency of the Federal Government. What they actually admit it?...why yes they do in (Diversified metal Products v. IRS etal. CV-93-405E-EJE U.S.D.C.D.I.) You can click on the citation for a completeRead MoreData Security1440 Words   |  6 PagesINTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE 10 Data Security Who has access to your tax data? Nikki Davis Abstract In this tax season, when billions of dollars and tons of personal information is relayed to and from the government, its more than disconcerting to hear that the Internal Revenue Service is still struggling to keep private information secure. The purpose of my study is to improve the safeguard of taxpayers’ data at the Internal Revenue Service. Due to the fact that firewalls are in placeRead MoreThe Us Transfer Pricing Regulations951 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the US transfer pricing regulations, including advances pricing agreements, arms length standard, and methods allowed to determine comparable prices. - 60 The US transfer pricing regulations, as outlined in Section 482 of the Internal Revenue Code, are similar to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. They have a commitment to the arm s length principle, as do many other countries worldwide who use it as a basis for bilateral treaties between governments

Karl Marx (640 words) Essay Example For Students

Karl Marx (640 words) Essay Karl MarxKarl Marx was a believer in an inevitable revolution between capitalists, and the workers employed in their industries. He claimed that the actual cost of any product is simply the price of material and most importantly, the labor employed to build it. However, the owner of the industry does no labor in creating the product, but rather buys a laborer and sells the results of that man?s work. What he refused to accept, was the fact that the owners would sell the product for more than he paid the laborer making it. Marx therefore considered any profit or difference made in the sale, to be stolen from the worker. He anticipated that industrial owners would then begin to thicken their wallets by paying workers as little as possible, consequentially, causing his employees to become increasingly poor. Marx theorized that this increasing wealth of the capitalist, along with the increasing poverty of the workers, would eventually cause a revolution. As in all societies, individuals are placed into social classes. They are informally separated into these classes by means of their income, and worth to the society. The higher classes are capitalists who most likely inherited monies, and thus are considered to be more important than peasants or laborers. Peasants and laborers are then classified by their wealth (or lack of), which is directly proportional to their importance in the industry. Peasants are considered to be unimportant, and therefore are placed at the bottom of the social ladder. While laborers, although replaceable, are believed to be slightly more important, thus they are placed on a rung just above that of the peasants. The individuals in these classes become aware of their identities and interests, by socializing with other individuals who are considered to be in the same class. ?The mode of production of material life determines the social, political and intellectual life process in general. But it is not the consciousness of men that determines their social being, but on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness? The majority of the time, these classes to not mix or join together. However, in certain extreme cases, when all social classes are threatened, they will unite as one to fight the outside force.?(pg. 160)?The bourgeoisie finds itself involved in a constant battle. At first with the aristocracy; later on, with those portions of the bourgeoisie itself, whose interests have become antagonistic to the progress of industry; at all times with the bourgeoisie of foreign countries. In all these battles it sees itself compelled to appeal to the proletariat, to ask for its help, and thus, to drag it into the political arena. The bourgeoisie itself, therefore supplies the proletariat with its own elements of political and general education, in words, it furnishes the proletariat with weapons for fighting the bourgeoisie. ? (pg. 214)Capitalism is only feasible in a free society, where one man is allowed to acquire as much property as he desires. Therefore, the political action taken by the capitalist is extremely important. The rich will forever have more control over government because they control the majority of the money running the government. While the poor have to rally together and choose between, allowing the government to be run by the rich capitalists, or taking action themselves. If they choose to fight then they need to come together as a strong unit and demand even distribution of money as well as governmental control of industry. Thus, they need to instill a ?communistic? government. During periods of class conflict it would seem that states do become more democratic. .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f , .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .postImageUrl , .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f , .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f:hover , .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f:visited , .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f:active { border:0!important; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f:active , .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c098c8bd1b2cfe4c20f23decd0ea79f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 2pac1 Essay This is due to the fact that individuals in their respective classes rally behind one another to make a difference. They discover that there is power in number and unless they ban together, change will not occurBibliographySociology Essays

The Birlings live Essay Example For Students

The Birlings live Essay This is an introduction to my essay on the book An Inspector Calls. In my essay I will carefully review and decide who is the most responsible for the death of Eva Smith. But first I will write a paragraph about the author.  The author of the book was J.B Priestly. John Boynton Priestly was born in Bradford, Yorkshire on the 13 September 1894 the same year in which his mother died. From the age of around 16 Priestly knew he wanted to write. He believed that classrooms and labs would not help him to become a writer. He was a patriotic socialist who was passionate about the need for social change to benefit the poor. During the war he expressed his feelings over the radio. Priestly had also seen the tragic horrors and effects of the war, which I think makes him a better writer. There is also the surprising fact that it only took Priestly just over a week to finish the whole book. As the book says An Inspector Calls was that of the effects of an individuals actions over a passage of time. We will write a custom essay on The Birlings live specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The play was written in 1939 but ironically set in 1912. And also in the play he makes some references to things that where about to happen such as the Titanic ship being unsinkable The Titanic- she sails next week and unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable. In the time the play was set coincides with what Mr Birlings character is like. As, this was the period of time, which was often referred to as the Golden Age; this was a time in which middle class people thought about themselves. But not all of these people acted like this out of ignorance. The pay was low and the hours where long. It did not help that the unemployment rate was so high. But for the middle and high class, they where living a life of leisure and ignorant of the reality of life for the lower classes. An Inspector Calls is a play that works on two levels. First, the Birlings as a middle class family and also as a representative of society as a whole. The Birlings lived as a typical example of a middle class family at that time. On an other level, they are a prime example of ignorance in society at that point in time. During the play you begin to realize that the part played by the Inspector is the moral conscious of society. He forces each and every one of the characters to acknowledge their part in Evas death Even the characters that would at first accept no responsibility for the whole thing. The play has a surprising affect on the audience. It is moralistic, as you dont always realize that your actions have consequences. The dramatic nature keeps the audience interested throughout. Now I am going to go on to write a short paragraph about each character and how they are responsible for the suicide of Eva Smith. Mr. Birling: Eva Smith worked in Mr. Birlings factory. She was fired for asking for a pay rise but also rallying all the other workers to take a stand. But I do think that the request for a pay rise was very justified as Mr. Birling was a very tight fisted man. And there is also evidence in the text, explaining that Eva was a very good worker, A good worker too (Mr. Birling explaining to the Inspector. Personally I think that Mr. Birling is not really to blame, but did in actual fact start of the chain of eventsby firering the younge girl which obviously forced her to get her next jb as I will rite about later. Birling was guilty of the sin Pride. After he had spoke to the Inspector, he still truly believes he has nothing to do with the matter; as he says It has nothing to do with the wretched girls suicide. By this statement, it is clear that he feels absolutely no responsibility for the incident. In fact Mr. Birling does not change his views about actions and consequences throughout the play. .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af , .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .postImageUrl , .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af , .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af:hover , .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af:visited , .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af:active { border:0!important; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af:active , .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5f28a94c72bc4b9d4f89022ccfb524af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord of the Flies Essay PaperSheila: Shelia played a vital role in the death of Eva Smith as she had Eva fired from her second job, which she did enjoy. I think that Sheila is guilty of the sin of envy as she was very envious of Eva, when she realized that Eva looked better in a dress than she did. After speaking to the Inspector, she begins to feel very guilty. And if I could help her now I would -. She also feels very responsible So, I am really responsible. The happenings and events drastically change the way Sheila views the effects of her actions upon others. Gerald: Gerald was Evas lover during the summer but they had to end the affiar. Gerald is rather like Mr. Birling, in the sense that he still thinks he has nothing to do with the matter. Even after he has spoken with the Inspector Gerald still thinks that he has nothing at all to do with the suicide. I dont come into this suicide business. Sheila is more affected by what Gerald has revealed. Gerald happens to be more interested in what Sheila is thinking/reacting towards the news of the affair. It does not really alter Geralds attitude in any dramatic way. Well maybe at first but not permanatly as we find out towards the end of the play. Eric: Eric gave Eva money and they also had a small love affair. He later feels very guilty and responsible about the whole thing. Mrs. Birling (Erics mother) was appalled when she realized what he had done (stealing money from the factory). Mr. Birlings first reaction is how he is going to have to hide this before anyone notices at the factory You must give me a list of those accounts. Ive got to cover this up as fast as I can- still thinking of his reputation. Mrs. Birling: She turned Eva away when she needed help the most. At the beginning of the conversation Mrs. Birling thinks she has nothing to do with it, but as the action unfolds she starts to realize more and more what she has done. And maybe even starts to accept some of the blame, but towards the end does almost exactly the same as Gerald. Eric is the most horrified by what his mother has done. And he also blames his mum for the murder Then you killed her (Eric said to Mrs. Birling). Each character thinks that another character is to blame. So in conclusion I dont think that any one character is the blame more than another. It was a chain of events. But I do think that Eric and Sheila where more affected y the reactions of people they thought they knew, and I thin that the innocence of the younger generation helps both characters realize that even if this did not really happen it could. I think that the overall message that Priestly is trying to send in think before you act and all actions have consequences. I think that it gives you something to think about. Dont you think?

Museum Writing Assignment Formal Analysis Paper

Since times immemorial people have exploring the mysterious connection between the man and the nature. The ancient people believed that life was governed by mysterious natural powers to which divine omnipotence was ascribed. With the coming of the industrial era, the distance between the man and the nature grew larger until a disastrous point was achieved when mechanical and artificial things substituted what would normally come from nature.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Museum Writing Assignment: Formal Analysis Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in the modern era of environmentalism, people appear to be turning back to their origins in an attempt to save the planet from an ecological catastrophe. This tendency is reflected in modern art that chooses the unity of the man and the nature as one of its main topics. One of the examples illustrating the unity of the man and the nature is an artwork by Lloyd Walsh Flesh to Earth (1995). This is an oil on canvas diptych that consists of two images, 40 by 30 inches each: a rose in its full blossom and a torso of a mature woman with loose hair and arms crossed to cover her naked breasts . The thematic affinity of the two paintings can be traced in the way Walsh manages the formal elements: the color, the light, and the composition. Both paintings are performed in a brown color scheme that reminds sepia effects in photography. The light falls on both the rose and the woman from the right, which is emphasized by a distinct shift in the tints of the color from a very light beige to the darkest brown. Each of the two paintings has only one item depicted in it, which immensely focuses the viewer’s attention and evokes contemplation on the deeper meaning of the paintings. A second illustration of the connection between the man and the nature can be found in an artwork by Betty Ward Man with Sunflower, The man with the sun flower hand making love to the woman whose hair is a river (2004–2006). The first thing that turns the viewer’s attention is the medium of this 54 by 54 inches round image: it is a cotton embroidery set off with silk petals and put in a hand-carved metal frame. The composition of the artwork clearly comprises three zones. The right half of the embroidery depicts a body of a naked woman whose long luxuriant hair curls and flows in blue waves as the waters of a river. In the bottom left part of the embroidery, there is a body of a naked man whose green hair reminds grass blades and who is stretching his hand – in shape of a sunflower – to the woman. Yet another image is featured at the top left part of the embroidery: a woman sitting on a chair with her legs crossed.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The body of the woman and the chair itself ar e done in shades of grey and black, which sets this image off as extraneous to the colorful unity of the other two bodies. Such a contrast suggests a semantic opposition between the world of nature filled with color and love, and the colorless world of civilization. Both works attracted my attention and won my appreciation by their sincerity and suggestion of a deeper meaning. Although it is possible to enjoy each of them simply for the beauty of line, color, light, and composition, it appears even more exciting to think about the ideas underlying the artworks. The titles of the works provide sufficient hints for deciphering their meaning. Flesh to Earth suggests categorizing the woman as ‘flesh’ and the rose as ‘earth’ and uniting them on the basis of their similar nature. The rose is splendid in its bloom, and so is the woman in her heyday. From this parallelism stems the idea that human life cycle is similar to that of plants, and thus the immediate conn ection between the man and the nature is established. An analogous idea comes to one’s mind when looking at Man with Sunflower: the couple in love merge with each other and with powers of nature, while the image of a colorless woman remains solitary in the seclusion of civilization. Trough observation of modern artworks, it becomes possible to realize how much significance is given by artists to the connection between the man and the nature. The message of such artworks reads that only via this ultimate bond is happiness and harmony possible on this planet. Works Cited Walsh, Lloyd. Flesh to Earth. 1995. San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, Texas. Ward, Betty. Man with Sunflower, The man with the sunflower hand making love to the woman whose hair is a river. 2004–2006. San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, Texas.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Museum Writing Assignment: Formal Analysis Paper specifically for you for onl y $16.05 $11/page Learn More This critical writing on Museum Writing Assignment: Formal Analysis Paper was written and submitted by user Yaritza Reese to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cushing’s Syndrome Essay Example

Cushing’s Syndrome Essay Example Cushing’s Syndrome Paper Cushing’s Syndrome Paper Prolonged, extensive and inapt exposure to extreme glucocorticoids gives rise to Cushing’s syndrome. These glucocorticoids include topical as well as inhaled ones. This syndrome is a hormone problem, which is also called hypercortisolism additionally happens when the body is making a great deal of cortisol. If left untreated, this syndrome will result to a considerable rate of morbidity and mortality. When its signs and symptoms are florid, its diagnosis is uncomplicated. Incidence of Cushing’s syndrome is dependent on the population being studied. Prevalence of this syndrome ranges from 0. 7 to 2. 4 million population per year (Newell-Price et al, 2006). It is suggested by new data available that this syndrome is more common than it was formerly thought. There is a reported incidence of Cushing’s syndrome being 2% and 5% of those patients screened with type 2 diabetes; particularly those who had poor blood glucose control and had hypertension. These studies proved the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome not based on its clinical manifestation but based on its patient’s metabolic control improvement after the intervention of clinical measures for Cushing’s syndrome. Roughly 1 in 500,000 and a projected 10 to 15 of every million people are affected with Cushing’s syndrome each year. Cortisol is a hormone that has a number of essential functions. It sustains the body when it is faced with physical stress. It is also the hormone responsible for preserving the blood pressure within normal limits when there is blood loss due to accidents. The body makes more cortisol during stress brought about by physical illness as well as psychological problems. This hormone is also vital in the body’s metabolism (Health Source, 2008). The brain and pituitary gland are in charge as to how much cortisol the body makes. This hormone is particularly produced in the adrenal glands. These glands are the two small glands located on top of each kidney. Too much body’s production of cortisol may be a consequence of having a tumor (benign or malignant) in any of the glands. Widespread and frequent tumors are pituitary adenoma and adrenal adenoma. In some instances, tumors from other parts of the body may also cause an increase in the amount of cortisol that the body produced. Oftentimes, these tumors are in the lungs, thyroid and pancreas. Although this syndrome may be brought about by the body’s increase production of it due to tumors, most incidence of this syndrome is due to an increased, extreme and lengthy consumption of cortisone medications. Cortisol has a natural anti-inflammatory function. Physicians prescribed cortisol to treat and manage diseases where inflammation is the major dilemma. These diseases include asthma, rheumatoid arthritis as well as lupus. A familiar example of a cortisol medication is prednisone. These medications as a group are well known as corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, or steroids (Health Source, 2008). This medication is also utilized in preventing the rejection of transplanted organs. In cases like this, this medication may then be taken all throughout the particular patient’s lifetime. Signs and Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome Being vigilant of the early signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome is very important for its early detection, diagnosis and management. Recognizing its early mental manifestations and demonstrations will avert frustrations and spare patients a number of morbidity. When typical physical signs of Cushing’s arise, patients are already suffering enormously. The following early signs of Cushing’s syndrome are as follows: being depressed, irritable (Cushing’s patients illustrates themselves as having a â€Å"short fuse†), experiences insomnia, decreased / loss of libido, complains of memory problem especially impaired short-term memory and failure to focus attention and maintain their usual concentration (Kubetin, 2000). Symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome include the presentation of a moon facie. An increased of fat in the abdomen, trunk area and upper back also persists causing a buffalo hump look. The most distinguished physical manifestation of Cushing’s syndrome from that of obesity is the presentation of protein wasting-presence of thin skin. Patients may show skin bruising as their skin easily gets bruised. Stretch marks may be common in the abdomen, breasts and thighs. Women may experience an increased body hair and may have an irregular and even cessation of menstrual periods. Also, excess cortisol inclines to an elevated blood pressure. With this, patients may also experience high blood pressure. Increased incidence of occult Cushing’s syndrome is found in overweight and in patients with type 2 diabetes (Fonseca, 2004). Since an increased in cortisol can cause type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent); symptoms of diabetes like increased and frequency of urination, tiredness and exhaustion and blurred vision may also be manifested (Chiodini et al, 2007). Purple striae, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy and kidney stones are more numerous and common in men. Male and female patients presented the same gonadal dysfunction. Decreased bone-mineral density was revealed as one of the side effects of glucocorticoid use. Bone loss is worse in primary adrenal Cushing’s syndrome compared to the pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (Newell-Price et al, 2006). Moreover, Cushing’s syndrome attributed from production of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from solid tumors also causes life-threatening hypercortisolemia. These tumors may be bronchial carcinoids, lung squamous cell carcinoma or even carcinoid from the duodenum. All these tumors presented ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone producing cortisol leading to excess cortisol in the body(Uecker Janzow, 2005). Diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome Physicians (health care providers) will do a complete and thorough physical examination and history when obvious signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome is presented by the patient. Signs and symptoms like: an increased blood pressure, thin skin bruises, buffalo hump look (fat in trunk and abdomen and thinning of arms and legs) and moon facie will be given a significant account. Patient will be assessed for any usage/treatment of steroid medications. There is an uncomplicated diagnosis once the patient presented the features and manifestations stated above and steroid management and therapy is being used. If the patient is not taking any cortisol/steroid medications at all, the following tests may be crucial and necessary: skull X-ray, MRI, CT scan, 24-hr urine cortisol test, dexamethasone suppression test and midnight cortisol assessment or late-night salivary cortisol(Health Source 2008). Biochemical verification of the hypercortisolaemic state must be recognized prior to any effort of obtaining differential diagnosis. This is done to prevent any misdiagnosis leading to unsuitable treatment and poor management (Newell-Price et al, 2006). No single test is perfect for the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Since each test has different sensitivities, the use of several tests is beneficial. The skull X-ray, MRI and CT scan are ordered to rule out tumors in the pituitary and other parts of the body. 24-hour urine cortisol test is done to verify if the body is making excessive amounts of cortisol. The binding proteins are saturated by excess circulating cortisol whereby it is then sent out in the urine as free cortisol. This is a straightforward evaluation of circulating free cortisol. This circulating free cortisol is biologically effective. Results showing 4x greater than its upper limit of its normal value is indicative of Cushing’s syndrome. The dexamethasone suppression test is done to prove and confirm the extra cortisol produced by the body is from the pituitary tumor or a tumor existing from other part of the body. There are two tests that are commonly used: the 48-hr or the overnight dexamethasone suppression test. For the 48-h suppression test, 0. 5mg dexamethasone is given every six hours x 4 times. Serum cortisol measurement is obtained during the first and last administration of dexamethasone. For the overnight dexamethasone test, 1mg is administered at midnight and the serum cortisol measurement is obtained the following morning. To rule out Cushing’s syndrome, the concentration of serum cortisol should not exceed 50nmol in either of the two tests mentioned above. Studies revealed that this test sometimes gives false-positive results. It is important to repeat this test as well as include other investigations if medical doubts remain high. Individuals with Cushing’s syndrome have no normal cortisol circadian rhythm. Midnight plasma cortisol concentration not exceeding 50 nmol/L rules out Cushing’s syndrome. In addition, salivary cortisol signifies the amount of free circulating cortisol. This screening is greatly appropriate due to its effortless collection of sample. Saliva is also stable in room temperature thus making it more suitable screening method. This test had been proven to be a good screening method based on its non-invasiveness and diagnostic performance (Cardoso et al, 2009). Once a diagnosis is established, apt initiation of medication therapy should then be made. The treatment and management of Cushing’s syndrome is dependent on the amount of extra cortisol in the body. Treatment of Cushing’s syndrome If the cause of the extra cortisol in the body is just due to the administration of cortisol medications, the physician may just lower the dosage of cortisol taken. In other cases, physicians may change the frequency of treatment. Every day dose may then be changed to every other day. If the body itself is making the excess cortisol, treatment includes medical therapy to lower cortisol and may also require surgery, chemotherapy and radiation to remove and treat the tumor. Medications like Metyrapone, Ketoconazole and Mitotane are prescribed to lower cortisol . The mechanism of action of these medications directly inhibits the synthesis and secretion of cortisol in the adrenal glands. These drugs may not be as efficient for long-term management of the syndrome. These medications are prescribed primarily as a preparation prior to the upcoming surgical procedure or as an adjunctive management post surgery (Newell-Price et al, 2006). Transsphenoidal surgery is done to remove the tumor from the pituitary gland without harming the pituitary function. Its results showed 60% to 80% of initial remission rate. If the disease persists, urgent reoperation is conducted. Ongoing requirement of alternative therapies are needed, as this procedure does not promise possible recurrences. Pituitary radiotherapy may then be required for persistent hypercortisolism after transsphenoidal surgery. The existing treatment of choice for Cushing’s syndrome is laparoscopic surgery for unilateral adrenal adenomas. The prognosis of this procedure is good, however, the results are uniformly unfortunate for patients with adrenocortical carcinomas. Adrenocortical carcinomas occasionally present metastases. Patients are also given a five-year survival duration. In addition, total bilateral removal of the adrenal glands produces rapid and great results in decreasing the clinical manifestations of patients. However, patients requiring a unilateral removal of the adrenal glands have the most excellent recorded results (Poulin et al, 2003). The need for a lifetime therapy of corticosteroids and glucocorticoids will be needed after the removal of both adrenal glands. Laparoscopic adrenal procedures give low morbidity that’s why this is considered as the main treatment for patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Some clinicians promote pituitary radiotherapy together with adrenalectomy to decrease the risk of Cushing’s syndrome. Prevention of Cushing’s syndrome It is really important to seek medical attention right away if one is taking steroid medications and are showing signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome. Blood pressure as well as blood sugar levels should also be checked regularly. Individuals should be knowledgeable in terms of the medications they are taking and its side effects. The use of non-steroidal medications in managing inflammatory diseases should be given priority first prior to the use of steroids. References Cardoso, E. M. L. , Aggreger, A. L. , Tumilasci, O. , R. Contreras, L. N. (2009). Diagnostic value of salivary cortisol in Cushing’s syndrome. Endocrinology 70. 4, p516. Chiodini, I. , Adda, G. , Scillitani, A. Coletti, F. (2007). Cortisol secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes: relationship with chronic complications. Diabetes Care, 30, 83. Fonseca, V. , (2004). Occult Cushing’s syndrome. Diabetes Care, 27:5, 1253. Health Source – Consumer edition. (1 January 2008). Cushing’s syndrome. Kubetin, S. K. (2000). Early signs of Cushing’s. OB GYN News. International Medical News Group. Newell-Price, J. , Bertagna, X. , Grossman, A. Nieman, L. K. (2006). Cushing’s syndrome. The Lancet, 367, 1605. Poulin, E. C. , Schlachta, C. M. , Burpee, S. E. , Pace, K. T. Mamazza, J. (2003). Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: pathologic features determine outcome. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 46, 340-345. Uecker, J. M. Janzow, M. T. (2005). A case of Cushing syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone producing carcinoid of duodenum. The American Surgeon, 71, 445-446.

Kant and Locke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kant and Locke - Essay Example The two are not only concerned with the individual, but also the manner in which the individual interacts within a group, and the consequent tensions that may occur out of these interactions. This essay attempts to explore the manner in which both Locke and Kant address the concept of human freedom. Freedom, or the manner in which individuals are in a position to act on their own accord, is an important philosophical argument in the contemporary world. History indicates that Kant supported multinational organizations and the republican government. He had a strong faith in the universality of humanity. However, Kant argued that the natural end that everybody seeks to accomplish is personal happiness (Kant 98). However, the concept that people act out their own accord does not communicate all that Kant meant. According to Kant (6), nothing in the world can be regarded as good without sufficient reasons. Kant argues that as humans, we cannot prove that freedom is something real within o urselves and in the human nature. In Kant`s thinking, human thinking revolves around a circle. People tend to assume that they are free so that they think the moral law as are meant for them and as a result, they must obey them. To Kant, freedom is a subjective state of the mind, a concept of reason, which may be difficult to comprehend in reality. Thus to Kant, human freedom is embedded in the term enlightenment which to him is a process through which people free themselves from immaturity state of which they themselves take the responsibility. Locke believed that every person has the ability to govern himself and that each individual is equal to every other person. He refers to this as state of nature where he says every man has total liberty to act as he wills, free from interference by any other person. To Locke, in the state of nature, the enjoyment of freedom is uncertain because it is invaded by others who act as they wish; making enjoyment of property a person has in this st ate very unsafe. This natural state eventually comes into a state of war where men turn against one another. When men are faced with this condition, they quit the state of nature which is full of dangers and put themselves in government for the protection of their property giving up their freedom to do as they wish. To this extent, it’s true to point out that everyman is naturally free and that nothing subjects him to any power or authority without his consent. Consequently, human freedom in a consented government is where the people trade off their liberty and power entrusting them to the government they form in exchange of protection of their property peace and safety. The issue of the relationship of the concepts of natural rights construal, and freedom and equality is at the centre of discussion today as it was many centuries ago. Whereas Kant’s concept of freedom and equality and the views of Locke’s natural rights are generally accepted as the epitome of l iberalism, the equality concept in relation to liberty still remains a subject of discussion. Kant views individual freedom in the context of equal opportunity for all. He claims that a person has one natural right only, that is freedom - the state where one is actually independent from being influenced or constrained by another person’s choice. Because of this right an individual may not be coerced arbitrarily, and not because of property right that covers self-ownership. In addition, Kant suggests that the pursuit for equality is lawful when there is no interference with the enjoyment of individual autonomy. Kant holds that equality and freedom is a state where an individual enjoys liberty without necessarily interfering with another person’